Early examples of client-server operating systems that were shipped with fully integrated network capabilities are Novell NetWare using the Internetwork Packet Exchange (IPX) network protocol and Banyan VINES which used a variant of the Xerox Network Systems (XNS) protocols. Operating systems with a network stack allowed personal computers to participate in a client-server architecture in which a server enables multiple clients to share resources, such as printers. Historically a network operating system was an operating system for a computer which implemented network capabilities. As local area network technology became available, two general approaches to handle sharing of resources on networks arose. Packet switching networks were developed to share hardware resources, such as a mainframe computer, a printer or a large and expensive hard disk. 2.2 NetBSD, FreeBSD, or Linux based operating systemsĮarly microcomputer operating systems such as CP/M, MS-DOS and classic Mac OS were designed for one user on one computer.2.1 Proprietary network operating systems.
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